seventh chapter of Charaka Shareera sthana offers with “the enumeration of the organs as conducive to the understanding of the human physique”. The chapter identify is Shareera Sankhya Shaareeram.
We will now discover the chapter on “the enumeration of the organs as conducive to the understanding of the human physique”. Thus mentioned Lord Atreya [1-2]
Learn – Shareera: Formation Of Human Physique, Ayurvedic Idea
Question about organs of physique
With a view to determine the quantity and measurement of all the physique by classifying the physique in response to its part organs, Agnivesha requested Lord Atreya to enumerate the organs of the physique. [3]
Six layers of pores and skin
Lord Atreya replied, “Take heed to meattentively O! Agnivesha! I shall describe all the physique in applicable method as per your questions”
There are six layers of pores and skin as follows:
First one is the exterior layer which is named Udaka-Dhara (containing / made up of watery substance of Lymph).
The second layer is Asrgdara (containing blood, capillaries)
The third layer is the location for the manifestation of Sidhma (a sort of determatosis) and Kilasa (Leucoderma)
The fourth layer is the location for the manifestation of Dadru (ring-worm) and Kustha (obstinate pores and skin ailments together with leprosy)
The fifth Layer is the location for the manifestation of Alaji (boil) and Vidradhi (abscess).
The sixth layer is that by the excision of which the person will get trembling and enters into darkness (will get fainting) like a blind man. On this layer the boils manifest within the joints that are blackish purple in color and are deep rooted. Such boils are extraordinarily troublesome of therapy. These are the six layers of the pores and skin by which all the physique together with its six organs (components) stay coated. [4]
Learn – Indicators Of Good Pores and skin Well being (Twak Sara Purusha Lakshanas)
Elements of the physique
The physique is split into six components, viz. Two higher limbs, head together with neck and the trunk. (These are the six components of the physique). [5]
Variety of bones
Together with tooth, sockets of tooth and nails, bones within the physique are 360 in quantity. They’re as follows:
Enamel- 32
Sockets of teeth- 32
Nails – 20
Phalangeal bones of palms and feet- 60
Meta phalangeal bones of palms and feet- 20
Six bones which from the bottom to assist the meta phalangeal bones of palms & feet- 4
Parshni (bones of heels or calcaneus)-2
Gulpha (ankle bones) – 4
Mani (wrist bones) – 2
Aratni (bones of forearms) – 4
Jangha (bones of legs) – 4
Janu (bones of knees) – 2
Janu Kapala (knee caps) -2
Hole bones of thighs (femurs)-2
Hole bones of arms (humerus) – 2
Amsa (bones of the Shoulder)-2
Amsaphalaka (shoulder blades) – 2
Aksaka (clavicles) – 2
Jatru (wind pipe) – 2
Talu (palated bones) – 2
Bhagasthi (public bone) – 2
Bhagasthi (public bone) – 1
Bones of the again – 45
Bone of the neck – 15
Bone of chest – 14
Bones of the edges (ribs) – 24
Sockets (for ribs) – 24
Tubercles within the sockets (for ribs) – 24
Hanvasthi or Jawbone (decrease) – 1
Hanumula Bandhana (bones which hold the decrease jaw locked up) -2
Bone constituting of cheeks and brow – 1
Sankha (temporal bones) -2
Sirah kapala (pan formed bones of the top) – 4
Thus the 360 bones together with tooth, sockets of bones and nails are accounted for. [6]
Learn – Asthi Shareera – Definition, Anatomy, Varieties Of Bones
Sensory and motor organs
There are 5 organs of senses i.e.
- Pores and skin
- Tongue
- Nostril
- Two eyes and
- Two ears
These are 5 sense schools i.e.
- Tactile
- Gustatory
- Olfactory
- Visible and
- Auditory
There are 5 motor organs i.e.
- Two palms
- Two toes
- Anus
- Intercourse organs and
- Tongue
The positioning of consciousness is just one, i.e. the center. [7-8]
Resorts of life
There are ten resorts of life, viz,
- Head
- Throat
- Coronary heart
- Umbilicus
- Anus
- Bladder
- Ojas
- Semen
- Blood and
- Flesh
Of them the primary six organs are often called Marma (very important organs) [9]
Learn – Involvement Of Doshas In Formation Of Organs
Visceras
Kosthangas (viscera within the thorax and stomach) are fifteen in quantity. They’re
- Nabhi (umbilicus)
- Hrdaya (coronary heart)
- Kloman (lungs)
- Yakrt (liver)
- Pliha (spleen)
- Vrkkau (two kidneys)
- Basti (urinary bladder)
- Purisadhara (pelvic colon)
- Amashaya (abdomen)
- Pakvashaya (colon)
- Uttaraguda (rectum)
- Adharaguda (anus)
- Ksudrantra (small gut)
- Sthulantra (massive gut) and
- Vapavahana (omentum). [10]
Learn – Pratyangas: The minor organs, Definition, Quantity
Pratyangas or sub-parts of physique
Within the six Angas (components of the physique) there are about 56 Pratyngas (sub-parts). They weren’t described earlier than whereas enumerating the six components of the physique. They’re enumerated beneath following a unique mode of classification:
- Janghapindika (calves) – 2
- Urupindika (muscular portion of the thigh) – 2
- Sphik (buttocks) – 2
- Vrsana (testicles) – 2
- Sepha (phallus) – 1
- Ukha (Elevations bordering axillae) – 2
- Vanksana (groins) – 2
- Kukundara (hips) – 2
- Vastisirsa (pelvis) – 1
- Udara- (stomach) – 1
- Stana (breasts) – 2
- Slesmabhu (tonsils) – 2
- Bahupidika (muscular portion of arms – 2)
- Cibuka (chin) – 1
- Ostha(lips) – 2
- Srkkani (angles of the mouth – 2)
- Dantavestaka (gums) – 2
- Talu (Palate) – 1
- Galasundika (uvula) – 1
- Upajihvika (ear holes) – 2
- Gojhva (tongue or the organs of the ear) – 2
- Ganda (cheeks) – 2
- Karnasaskulika (ear holes) – 2
- Karnaputraka (exterior portion of the ear) – 2
- Aksikuta (orbit of eye) – 2
- Aksivartma (eye bids) – 4
- Aksikaninuka (medial angles of the eyes close to the nostril) – 2
- Bhru (eye brows) – 2
- Avatu (thyroid) – 1
- Panipadahrdaya (soles of palms and toes) – 4 [11]
Main orifices
There are 9 main orifices – seven within the head and two beneath:
The above are the seen elements and are able to description. [12-13]
Learn – Srotas: Physique Channels and Duct methods – Simple Rationalization
Enumeration of different organs
Past what’s described above will be ascertained from inference solely. They’re enumerated beneath:
- Snayu (sinew / ligaments) – 900
- Sira (veins) – 700
- Dhamani (arteries) – 200Muscles – 400
- Marma (very important components within the physique) – 107
- Joints – 200
- Terminals of the positive ramifications of the veins and arteries- 29956
- Kesha(hair), Smashru (beard and moustaches) and loma (small hair) – 2994
Tvak (pores and skin) and so on., enumerated above are correctly seen and the variety of the remaining will be ascertained by inference solely. Each these classes don’t bear any variation in the course of the regular state of the person’s physique. [14]
Measurement of liquid constituents of physique
Substance of the physique which will be measured by quantity taking Anjali (area created by becoming a member of each the palms within the type of a cup) as a unit are actually being described. The measurement described right here pertains to the best customary. These substances can bear variation within the type of improve or lower in a traditional particular person and this may be ascertained by inference.
Learn – Anjali Pramana: Quantity Measurement As Per Ayurveda
Measurement of those substances are given beneath:
| Sl No | Substances | Measurement when it comes to Anjali of the person whose substances are being measured |
| 1 | Udaka (watery portion / aqueous factor) a substance which is seen blended with faeces in the course of the prevalence of diarrhoea; it’s also present in affiliation with urine, blood, and different tissue components of the physique. It’s unfold everywhere in the physique with its website within the exterior pores and skin. Contained in the pores and skin, it is named Lasika (lymph) which exudes by means of ulcers. When the physique turns into sizzling, it comes out from hair follicles within the type of sweat. | 10 |
| 2 | Rasa which is the primary product of the ingested meals after it’s metabolised | 9 |
| 3 | Blood | 8 |
| 4 | Faeces | 7 |
| 5 | Kapha | 6 |
| 6 | Pitta | 5 |
| 7 | Urine | 4 |
| 8 | Vasa (muscle fats) | 3 |
| 9 | Medas (fats) | 2 |
| 10 | Majja (bone-marrow) | 1 |
| 11 | Mastiska (the fats) like substance contained in the cranium) | 1/2 |
| 12 | Shukra (semen) | ½ |
| 13 | Shlaismika sort of Ojas | 1/2 |
Thus the assorted elements within the physique are described. [15]
Mahabhautic predominance in numerous constituents
These organs are dominated by one or different of the Mahabhutas. Their particular traits are given beneath:
| Sl No | Mahabhautika predominance | Respective organs with their particular traits | |
| 1 | Parthiva (dominated by Prthvi Mahabhuta – earth factor) | 1 | Organs that are gross, secure, having varieties, heavy, tough and onerous like nail, bone, tooth, flesh, pores and skin, faeces, hair, smasru (moustache) |
| 2 | Odor (of the physique) and | ||
| 3 | Olfactory school | ||
| 2 | Apya (dominated by Jala Mahabhuta – water factor) | 1 | Components within the physique that are liquid, cellular, sluggish, unctuous, comfortable and slimy like Rasa (Plasma), Rudira (blood), Vasa (muscle fats), Kapha, pitta, urine and sweat |
| 3 | Gustatory school | ||
| 3 | Agneya (dominated by Agnimahabhuta – fireplace factor) | 1 | All elements like pitta, temperature and lustre of the physique |
| 2 | Colors (of various elements within the physique) and | ||
| 3 | Visible school | ||
| 4 | Vayaviya (dominated by Vayu mahabhuta – air / wind factor) | 1 | Bodily phenomena like inhalation, exhalation, opening and shutting of eyes, contraction, impelling and retention |
| 2 | Components of the physique that are recognized by contact and | ||
| 3 | Tactile school | ||
| 5 | Antariksha (dominated by Akasha mahabhuta – ether factor) | 1 | Components of the character of void, talking (voice), gross and refined channels |
| 2 | Sounds (excluding speech) emanating from totally different organs of the physique and | ||
| 3 | Auditory school |
The soul, the mind and the thoughts whereas stimulating the assorted sense organs in the direction of their objects are dominated by the qualities of the respective sense organs. Thus the physique divided into numerous gross organs is merited. [16]
Learn – Panchamahabhuta: Software, Areas of Utility in Ayurveda therapy
Innumerability of organs of physique
Paramanus are the minute cells / models of the physique they usually can’t be counted as a result of (1) they’re past sensory notion. These Paramanus make up the organs of the physique. Primarily based on the innumerability of the paramanus, the variety of organs of the physique can be thought-about as innumerable. Vayu, the particular nature of the outcomes of the previous motion and the essential nature related to these Paramanus are accountable for their union and disjunction. [17]
Data of organs of the body- salvation
When this physique composed of varied components is perceived as one unit, this results in attachment; when the assorted composing elements are considered as separate from one another, this results in salvation. Of the assorted components, the Soul is unattached. When He dissociates Himself from all (beneficial and unfavourable) manifestations, there’s salvation (from the worldly affairs). [18]
Learn – Significance Of Soul In Notion Of Data: Atma Jnana
The doctor, who is aware of the variety of numerous elements of the physique of their entirety, doesn’t affiliate himself with phantasm which is brought on by ignorance. Due to the absence of phantasm he doesn’t get bothered with the faults (of such phantasm) and being free from faults, he turns into unattached and peaceable which results in the prevention of his rebirth. [19-20]
Thus ends the seventh chapter of Sharira Part on “The Enumeration of Organs as conducive to the understanding of the human physique” of Agnivesha’s work as redacted by Charaka [7]
