By Dr Raghuram Y.S. MD (Ay) & Dr Manasa, B.A.M.S
Rosacea is a power pores and skin illness whose causes and remedy will not be recognized clearly. The illness has a typical manifestation and impacts solely the pores and skin on the nostril, brow and cheeks. Small, purple, pus crammed bumps are its trademark signs that are manifested within the above talked about areas of the physique, primarily through the flare-ups. The illness is marked by blushing / flushing in face, seen blood vessels within the face and pus crammed bumps on face.
Flare-ups of rosacea are widespread and happen in cycles. The signs could stay for weeks or months collectively, may flare up for various time intervals and will disappear for some time. Generally happen in white-middle-aged girls. When handled promptly and with correct measures the indicators and signs of the illness could also be managed and diminished.
Learn – Ayurvedic Summer season Pores and skin Care, Zits Options, Anti Getting old Treatments
Rosacea Ayurveda Understanding
Rosacea as Kushta – a kind of pores and skin dysfunction
Since Rosacea is a pores and skin illness it may be categorised below kushta. Kushta is a situation which encompasses big selection of pores and skin problems. However amongst Kushta we can’t discover any illness specified to be occurring within the face as is within the case of Rosacea which predominantly manifests within the face. The everyday presentation of rosacea is on the nostril, brow and cheeks whereby small, purple, pus-filled bumps are shaped. Aside from this blushing / flushing and visual blood vessels are seen within the face.
Within the context of kushta, it has not being specified the place and through which a part of the physique would the illness manifest excluding couple of circumstances. This implies to inform that Kushta can happen wherever within the physique, together with face and the above-mentioned areas of the physique. Any subtype of kushta presenting with bumps that are purple and in addition crammed with pus shall be thought-about as rosacea. Since redness, flushing and pus-filled bumps are current in rosacea, we will take into account it as a pitta predominant pores and skin situation.
Flare-ups in Kushta?
Rosacea presents with flare-ups. Which means the illness doesn’t go away completely. It presents with a sample of look and disappearance occurring in typical cycles. Ayurveda has additionally not directly talked about concerning the ‘flare-ups’ within the context of Kushta. Grasp Sushruta has defined repetitive and periodic therapies to be achieved in Kushta. This not directly means to inform that Kushta has a nature of recurrence and with a view to stop recurrence repeated-periodic therapies and expulsion of morbid doshas shall be achieved.
Learn – Kushta Purvarupa: Premonitory Signs Of Pores and skin Issues
Varieties of Kushta which resemble with Rosacea
Under talked about sorts of Kushta intently resemble the medical image of rosacea although they’ll happen on any a part of the physique –
Mandala Kushta – presents with lesions / bumps which can be –
- shwetha – white (could also be as a result of accumulation of pus)
- rakta – reddish
- sthira – stiff / raised and onerous
- styanam – unctuous / moist
- utsanna mandalam – raised round bumps
- krchhram – tough to treatment
- anyonya samyuktam – bumps fuse with one another
It’s attributable to predominant vitiation of kapha.
Pundarika Kushta – presents with lesions / bumps which can be –
- sa shwetam – white
- rakta paryantam – purple coloured edges
- pundarika dala upamam – resembling the bud of purple coloured lotus
- sa utsedham – raised
- sa ragam – reddish colour
It’s attributable to predominant vitiation of kapha and pitta.
Alasaka – presents with lesions / bumps which can be –
- kandumadbhih – itching
- saragai cha – redness
It’s attributable to predominant vitiation of vata and kapha.
Learn – Ayurvedic Remedy For Pimple: Causes, Herbs, House Treatments
Dosha predominance in rosacea
Sl No | Subtype of Rosacea | Signs | Dosha Predominance |
1 | ETR (Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea) / Subtype One | Flushing / redness within the heart of the face Damaged blood vessels that are seen Swelling of pores and skin Burning / delicate / stinging pores and skin Tough, dry, scaly pores and skin |
Pitta Pitta Vata Pitta, Kapha Pitta, Vata Vata |
2 | Papulopustular (Zits) Rosacea / Subtype Two (Typically seen to have an effect on girls within the center age) | Zits like breakouts Very purple pores and skin Delicate and oily pores and skin Damaged and visual blood vessels Raised pores and skin patches |
Pitta, Kapha Pitta Vata, Pitta Pitta, Vata Vata-Kapha / Vata-Pitta |
3 | Rhinophyma / Subtype Three (It normally impacts males. This situation is usually accompanied by one other subtype of rosacea.) | Bumpy pores and skin Thickened pores and skin on the nostril Thick pores and skin on the chin, brow, ears and cheeks Seen damaged blood vessels Massive pores |
Kapha-Vata Kapha-Vata Kapha-Vata Vata-Pitta Vata |
4 | Ocular Rosacea / Subtype 4 (Presents with signs centered across the eyes) | Bloodshot eyes Watery eyes Gritty really feel within the eyes Dry and itchy eyes Elevated sensitivity of the eyes to gentle Burning / stinging sensation within the eyes Diminished imaginative and prescient Damaged blood vessels on the eyelids Cysts on the eyes |
Pitta Kapha-Pitta Vata-Pitta Vata-Kapha Vata-Pitta Pitta-Vata Kapha-Vata Vata-Pitta Kapha-Vata |
The dosha affiliation in a few of the causes of rosacea flare-ups is as under talked about –
- Scorching drinks / sizzling espresso or sizzling tea – Pitta
- Spicy meals – Pitta
- Pink wine – Pitta, Tridosha
- Alcoholic drinks – Pitta, Tridosha
- Extremes of temperature – Tridosha
- Publicity to extreme warmth, chilly, wind or solar – Tridosha
- Various and high-end feelings – Tridosha
- Long run / extreme stress and nervousness / extraordinarily nerve-racking life occasion – Vata, Tridosha
- Sure cosmetics, hair care or skincare merchandise and make-up merchandise particularly these having topical alcohol as ingredient – Vata, Pitta
- Medication which trigger dilatation of blood vessels (vasodilators) – Vata
- Extreme exercising – Vata
- Overheating of pores and skin – as in outside exercises in solar, chilly showers instantly after exercises in solar, ingesting sizzling drinks and drinks and so on – Pitta
Amongst the chance elements – the truth that rosacea happens in these having delicate pores and skin factors in the direction of vata or pitta predominant people being extra vulnerable to the illness. Rosacea normally manifests in these between 30-50 years of age – the age of pitta predominance.
Learn – Maha Kushta: Main Pores and skin Ailments, Signs, Prognosis
Ayurveda Remedy
Ayurveda Remedy for Rosacea – A hypothetical understanding
From the dosha perspective – From the above rationalization, the illness is both brought about or triggered by severely aggravated pitta or vata or each although kapha involvement and affiliation can be seen in few circumstances. We are able to inform that Rosacea is a tridosha situation with predominant aggravation of pitta and vata within the pathogenesis and medical presentation. On this course, the remedy would come with the therapies, medicines, way of life adjustments and dietetic inclusions which might expel or steadiness the aggravated doshas.
Virechana – therapeutic purgation is the perfect remedy for pitta predominant circumstances, particularly when rosacea is extreme and has change into power and reveals frequent flare-ups. Virechana is the predominant remedy for rosacea since most signs are as a result of aggravated pitta. Maintaining away the causative elements of pitta aggravation and triggers of pitta (nidana parivarjana) is a necessary a part of rosacea remedy.
Vamana – therapeutic emesis shall even be included within the remedy if kapha is related to pitta and kapha predominant signs are additionally current within the illness. In such circumstances ubhayatah shodhana i.e. emesis adopted by purgation might be a really perfect alternative.
Kushta Chikitsa – As already defined above, rosacea is a particular sort of kushta manifested within the face. The remedy rules, therapies, medicines and dietetic inclusions indicated within the remedy of kushta shall be skillfully applied within the remedy of rosacea, as and when wanted.
Learn – Basic Causes For Pores and skin Ailments As Per Ayurveda
Different remedy rules
Vatarakta Chikitsa
Many causes and signs of rosacea additionally resemble these talked about within the context of Vatarakta. Although we should not have specification of vatarakta manifesting within the face as in rosacea and vatarakta can be a illness whereby the signs predominantly pertain to the joints and delicate tissues, the pathogenesis of vatarakta, in its preliminary phases is proscribed to the superficial tissues (pores and skin), particularly that of the face – rosacea might be thought-about as vatarakta occurring on the face and handled accordingly. In Ayurveda observe we will see the overlap of pathogenesis and remedy of kushta and vatarakta. Many instances when the pores and skin illnesses don’t reply to the standard remedy, medicines and therapies of kushta, they do reply to these talked about and indicated in vatarakta and the opposite method can be true i.e. remedy of vatarakta can be relevant for kushta remedy. Rheumatoid arthritis / inflammatory arthritis is without doubt one of the circumstances related to rosacea and RA is in comparison with Vatarakta defined in Ayurveda.
Shotha Chikitsa
Shotha means swelling or irritation. In rosacea there’s swelling of the face and nostril. The therapies and medicines talked about in shotha may also be helpful in remedy of rosacea.
Learn – Shotha: Causes, Sorts, Remedy, Medicines
Visphota – Masurika Chikitsa
Visphota means eruptions or bumps. Most frequently they’re inflammatory. They might even be non-inflammatory. Masurika means pox, hen pox to be exact. Each these circumstances can afflict the face. Visphota or Masurika is just not defined to be restricted to face, however since they’re generalized explanations they could afflict the face too or could seem solely on face. The therapies and medicines talked about in these circumstances may also be relevant in treating rosacea.
Learn – Blisters: Ayuvedic Understanding, Remedy Ideas
Kshudra Roga Chikitsa
Kshudra Roga means minor illnesses. There are some illnesses talked about in kshudra rogas which mimic the medical image of rosacea. Once more these will not be specified to be manifested on the face. However they might.
Antralaji (Andhalaji, Alaji) – is a situation whereby there’s manifestation of huge (thick), elevated, spherical bumps which has much less pus inside and devoid of opening. It’s attributable to kapha and vata.
Vivruta – is one other situation the place in spherical bumps which have giant opening and extreme burning sensation and presents with colour of ripe udumbara fruit. This situation is attributable to aggravated pitta.
Indraviddha – is a situation whereby there are a number of small bumps in a specific area having the looks of cluster of lotus seeds. This situation is attributable to vata and pitta.
Gardabhika – is a situation which presents with a raised purple space of pores and skin comprising of many small bumps and can be related to ache. This situation too is attributable to vata and pitta.
The remedy rules of those circumstances might be adopted in treating rosacea.
Panchakarma and Rasayana for Rosacea
Since rosacea has flare-ups and runs a power course and in addition can happen repeatedly, systemic cleaning by administration of Panchakarma therapies as and when wanted and in addition often could not solely assist in curing the illness however may even stop recurrences and flare-ups of the illness.
Vamana and Virechana – Since pitta and vata are principally concerned within the causation of rosacea, its signs and flare-ups – virechana – therapeutic purgation might be a really perfect alternative. When kapha is related within the illness and causes the signs, vamana – therapeutic emesis shall be administered as first hand remedy. When kapha is related to pitta, the affected person needs to be initially handled by administering therapeutic emesis adopted by therapeutic purgation. Many inflammatory intestine circumstances are additionally related to rosacea. Vamana and Virechana may even assist in such circumstances.
Learn – Vamana And Virechana In The Remedy Of Kushta
Nasya – Nasal instillation of medicines is the perfect remedy for all of the illnesses manifesting above the extent of collar bone, which incorporates illnesses manifesting on the face like zits, pigmentation problems, and different pores and skin illnesses restricted to the face and may embrace rosacea. Nasya can be utilized as an impartial remedy and in addition following emesis, purgation or each.
Rasayana – Following the cleaning therapies immune modulators within the type of Rasayanas, primarily these talked about within the context of kushta or vatarakta shall be administered. This would offer lengthy standing immunity towards the illness and in addition would assist in prevention of recurrences and flare-ups.
Learn – Rasayana Remedy (Anti Ageing, Rejuvenation) Advantages, Which means, Medicines
Essential and Efficient Natural formulations for rosacea
- Tiktakam Kashayam
- Mahatiktakam Kashayam
- Aragvadadi Kashayam
- Guggulutiktakam Kashayam
- Nimbadi Kashayam
- Patoladi Kashayam
- Patolakaturohinyadi Kashayam
- Manjishtadi Kashayam
- Khadirarishtam
- Aragvadharishtam
- Arogyavardhini
- Gandhaka Rasayanam
- Madhusnuhi Rasayanam
- Tiktaka Ghrta
- Mahatiktaka Ghrta
- Kalyanaka Ghrta
- Indukantam Ghrta
- Aragvadhadi Ghrtam
- Avipattikara Churna
- Trivrt Leham
Food regimen
The dietetic inclusions and exclusions and way of life practices as talked about and suggested within the context of kushta and vatarakta shall be thought-about within the remedy of rosacea. Primarily pitta and vata aggravating meals and actions shall be averted. However meals and actions which pacify pitta and vata (and kapha if related) shall be administered.
Learn – Significance Of Food regimen (Pathya) For Particular Ailments
Rosacea – Fashionable view
Rosacea is a power pores and skin situation. Many analysis works associated to rosacea has paved methods to deal with this situation by minimizing the signs and indicators of the illness.
The illness is marked by –
Generalized Indicators and signs of Rosacea
Blushing or flushing of face – In sufferers of rosacea, persistent blushing or flushing is clear within the heart of the face. This may be tough to determine in individuals having brown and black pores and skin.
Seen veins (spider veins) – The small blood vessels over the cheeks and nostril break and change into seen.
Swollen bumps – Pimples resembling zits seem on the face of many individuals affected by rosacea. They might include pus generally.
Burning sensation – Elevated warmth and tenderness could also be felt over the pores and skin of the affected space.
Eye issues (Ocular Rosacea) – Dryness, irritation, swollen eyes and eyelids might be seen in some individuals. In some circumstances, the attention signs are seen earlier than pores and skin signs.
Nostril issues (Rhinophyma) – Over time period, enlargement of nostril might be seen in rosacea. Right here, the pores and skin of the nostril is thickened. This in flip causes the nostril to seem bulbous. This may be seen extra in males compared to girls.
Learn – Atopic Dermatitis – Charmadala Kushta: Case Research
Varieties of Rosacea
There are 4 subtypes of rosacea and every subtype has its personal set of indicators and signs. Multiple subtype of rosacea might be present in a affected person on the similar time.
1. ETR (Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea) / Subtype One
2. Papulopustular (Zits) Rosacea / Subtype Two
3. Rhinophyma / Subtype Three
4. Ocular Rosacea / Subtype 4
Causes of Rosacea
Causes of rosacea will not be clearly recognized. It’s doable that this situation may be brought about as a result of particular person or a mixture of various elements together with
- overactive immune system
- heredity elements
- environmental elements
One have to know that this situation is neither contagious neither is attributable to poor hygiene.
Triggers which could trigger flare-ups in rosacea are as under talked about –
- Scorching drinks / sizzling espresso or sizzling tea
- Spicy meals
- Pink wine
- Alcoholic drinks
- Extremes of temperature
- Publicity to extreme warmth, chilly, wind or solar
- Various and excessive finish feelings
- Long run / extreme stress and nervousness / extraordinarily nerve-racking life occasion
- Sure cosmetics, hair care or skincare merchandise and make-up merchandise particularly these having topical alcohol as ingredient
- Medication which trigger dilatation of blood vessels (vasodilators)
- Extreme use of topical steroids on face
- Meals having compound cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon, chocolate, citrus, tomatoes and so on)
- Having intestinal micro organism – H pylori
- Pores and skin mite (demodax) and Bacillus oleronius (which carries this mite)
- Merchandise having preservatives and fragrances
- Extreme exercising
- Overheating of pores and skin – as in outside exercises in solar, chilly showers instantly after exercises in solar, ingesting sizzling drinks and drinks and so on
- Vitamin B12 deficiency, extreme use of vitamin B3 and better than regular vitamin D ranges
Rosacea flare-ups may be related to the under talked about circumstances –
Threat Components
- Being a feminine (males who develop rosacea will usually have extra extreme signs)
- Having a household historical past of the illness
- Having delicate pores and skin i.e. pores and skin that burns simply within the solar
- These having truthful pores and skin, blond hairs and blue eyes
- Being over 30 years of age (individuals between 30-50 years of age)
- Those that smoke
- Having Scandinavian / Celtic ancestors
Analysis
There are in reality no particular or confirmatory diagnostic checks for Rosacea. Historical past of the sickness and associated signs and thorough examination of the pores and skin will assist the doctor to achieve the analysis of rosacea. Assessments to rule out different circumstances like lupus or psoriasis are achieved. Most frequently rosacea might be misdiagnosed or its analysis missed in individuals with darkish colour. In these circumstances it might be identified wrongly as an allergic response or seborrheic dermatitis. It’s possible you’ll be referred to an ophthalmologist for an analysis if signs contain your eyes.
Management and Prevention
A. Management and prevention of rosacea signs
Since there isn’t any recognized treatment for Rosacea, one can take steps to maintain the indicators and signs in management.
- One ought to handle the pores and skin utilizing mild cleansers, oil free, water based mostly pores and skin merchandise. The merchandise containing menthol, alcohol and exfoliating brokers which could irritate the pores and skin shall be averted.
- A complete remedy plan shall be developed with the assistance of a health care provider which might normally be a combo of oral antibiotics and antibiotic lotions.
- Keep a diary with entries of the meals you eat, cosmetics you utilize and issues that are good and dangerous in your pores and skin. This can aid you shortlist the issues which make your signs worse. This may even assist your physician to know the causes and triggers in your downside. It’s possible you’ll keep away from something which worsens your pores and skin.
- Keep away from publicity to direct daylight. Put on sunscreen.
- Keep away from alcohol.
- Use prescribed medicines, lotions and antibiotics often.
- Keep away from triggers of flare-ups.
Learn – Intertrigo: Pores and skin Fold Rashes: Causes, Ayurvedic Remedy, Treatments
B. Can the flare-ups of rosacea be prevented?
Sure, you might observe the under talked about measures to forestall rosacea flare-ups. When outside don’t overlook to
- Put on brimmed hats
- Use broad spectrum sunscreen
- Loosen up and work out methods to lower stress ranges on day-to-day foundation
- Keep away from sizzling and spicy meals, select heat meals and drinks over them
- Throughout excessive circumstances of warmth, humidity or chilly, strive staying indoors as a lot as doable
- Keep away from taking sizzling saunas or utilizing sizzling tubs, take cool baths as a substitute
- Keep away from extreme consumption of caffeine and alcohol
- For make-up choose merchandise which carry labels like ‘hypoallergenic’, ‘non-acnegenic’ or ‘perfume free’
- Point out each OTC and prescription drugs you take to your physician
- Keep a ‘rosacea flare up diary’
Learn – Ayurvedic Remedy For Ringworm, Dermatophytosis, Tinea
C. Prevention of triggers of flare-ups
- Limiting publicity to solar, primarily throughout noon hours
- Maintain away stress and nervousness; undertake self-care habits together with having good sleep and consuming good meals
- Keep away from alcohol
- Keep away from pores and skin and hair care merchandise and make up merchandise having topical alcohol as ingredient
- Keep away from merchandise having acetone, fragrances and preservatives
- Keep away from topical steroids on face (besides in acute inflammatory circumstances) and in addition vasodilators
- Keep away from extreme exercising
- Maintain away your pores and skin from overheating – ingesting sizzling water and drinks, restrict outside exercises in solar, taking chilly showers instantly after exercises in solar
- Steer clear of sizzling and spicy meals
- Maintain away and shield from excessive chilly climate and winds – use scarf on face and moisturizer utility
- Some research confirmed that vitamin B-12 deficiency may trigger rosacea, its values must be checked. Extreme use of Niacin (vitamin B-3) could trigger flushing. One other research reveals that individuals with rosacea have larger than regular ranges of vitamin D.
D. Food regimen inclusions which could scale back rosacea flare-ups
In line with analysis – sure meals may set off flare-ups in rosacea. About 78% adults with rosacea reported making dietetic adjustments (in line with 2005 survey by Nationwide Rosacea Society). Intestine well being and rosacea may additionally be intently linked.
In line with a medical research in Denmark, excessive numbers of adults with rosacea had been additionally discovered to have gastrointestinal problems like IBS, celiac illness, inflammatory bowel illness and overgrowth of micro organism in small gut.
Meals which can scale back flare-ups
Dietary dietary supplements containing wholesome fat and different vitamins may assist in bettering rosacea signs. They embrace omega-3 fatty acids and zinc sulfate.
It was additionally seen that the meals which promote good micro organism may scale back signs of rosacea. They embrace fiber-rich meals, prebiotics and probiotics.
Meals which can set off flare-ups
Equally some meals which worsen rosacea are additionally discovered. Avoiding or restricted consumption of those meals may assist in bettering signs of rosacea in few individuals. They’re –
- Alcohol – wine, onerous liquor and different alcoholic drinks (vodka, champagne, gin, beer and so on)
- Drinks – sizzling drinks (tea, espresso, sizzling cocoa and so on)
- Spicy meals – sure spices and peppers having the chemical capsaicin are discovered to set off the signs of rosacea. They embrace – chili pepper, sizzling sauce, jalapenos, and so on
- Cinnamaldehyde meals – meals containing cinnamaldehyde may set off rosacea signs. They embrace cinnamon, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate and so on
Learn – Prickly Warmth – Ayurvedic Remedy, Medicines, Treatments
Medicines which could set off flare-ups in rosacea
Niacin (Vitamin B3), blood strain drugs and topical steroids could set off rosacea signs.
Remedy
Correct and well timed skincare plus efficient medicine for therapeutic is a perfect mixture technique in the direction of controlling the indicators and signs within the remedy of rosacea. The sort and severity of the indicators and signs of rosacea determines the length of the remedy. Despite all remedy, recurrence is widespread on this case.
Drugs
Totally different choices or mixtures of medicine may be tried to seek out out in order to which fits the affected person higher. Totally different medicines may work with totally different sufferers and never with others. Under talked about medicine could also be included within the remedy –
- Topical medicine – These are usually used for lowering flushing related to the illness. A cream or gel may match for gentle to reasonable circumstances. Brimonidine and oxymetazoline are used for this goal. Azelaic acid, metronidazole and ivermectin are utilized in milder circumstances. These must be utilized often and for longer instances to seek out enchancment.
- Oral antibiotics – are prescribed in reasonable to extreme illness with pimples and bumps. Instance – doxycycline.
- Oral medicine utilized in zits like isotretinoin are helpful in extreme rosacea.
Laser remedy
It is a helpful remedy which makes enlarged blood vessels much less seen. This remedy will carry its dangers in addition to advantages. Lengthy lasting swelling and bruising are a few of the unwanted side effects of laser remedy in rosacea. Everlasting / long run discoloration of the handled pores and skin can be a aspect impact particularly in these having brown or black pores and skin. To keep up the advance seen on the pores and skin a number of and repeated therapies could also be wanted periodically.
Various medication
- Swelling and irritation shall be diminished by utilizing mild facial therapeutic massage every day.
- In line with a current research – caffeine could scale back the chance of creating rosacea. On the opposite aspect sizzling drinks are a typical set off in some individuals having rosacea.
- Oregano oil, laurelwood oil and emu oil are additionally used for treating rosacea. There aren’t any enough evidences which could help the effectiveness of this stuff.
Outlook for Rosacea
Rosacea doesn’t have a proved line of remedy or treatment. The signs of the illness might be managed with a correct planning of remedy. Additionally it is clever to determine your triggers and keep away from them with the assistance of your physician.
Help and dealing with rosacea
Rosacea might be distressing as a illness and in addition from a beauty perspective. One may change into anxious, self-conscious or withdrawn, change into upset or pissed off. These could change into triggers in long term. Due to this fact it’s clever to take counseling on this regard. One may take assist from rosacea help teams.
Click on right here to know New therapies and analysis in Rosacea
House Treatments
House cures will not be an answer for rosacea. They might be tried for symptomatic aid of sure signs or to maintain the illness in test and steadiness as soon as it has been handled with complete measures. However nothing on this perspective has been proved. Adjustments noticed within the pores and skin may be a clue to take speedy medical consideration when you’ve got rosacea. Flare-ups are also good clues. Pores and skin adjustments may additionally level in the direction of extra critical underlying situation which wants virtually speedy medical remedy. Rosacea with out critical underlying circumstances may need a great prognosis. The remedy choices are additionally good. Click on right here to test house cures in Rosacea
The house cures and pure therapies turn out to be useful within the interim interval i.e. the time hole between the analysis and begin of precise remedy for the situation. Many may need to try one thing at house earlier than beginning the prescription medicines. These cures may be tried to forestall recurrence although their function has not been proved.
Click on to Seek the advice of Dr Raghuram Y.S. MD (Ayu) – Skype